UC4 certified for use with the Avaloq Banking System
Automated scheduling of Avaloq Banking System (ABS) and enterprise systems with UC4 Workload Automation Suite
VIENNA, February 3, 2009 – UC4 Software, a leading global provider of workload automation, job scheduling and IT process optimization solutions, today announced the certification of UC4 Workload Automation Suite for use with the Avaloq Banking System (ABS) version 2.6. The companies have also signed a partnership agreement that will enhance Avaloq to refer customers requiring a complementary scheduling and automation solution to UC4 Software.
“The certification of the UC4 adapter enables organisations to utilise a complementary technology that has been successfully tested and validated against our Model Bank environment,” said Adrian Bult, COO, Avaloq Evolution AG. “Joint customers will be able to increase the return on their existing technology investments leveraging a solution that interfaces directly with the Avaloq Banking System.”
Avaloq solutions are changing the IT landscapes within private and retail banks in Switzerland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Singapore, Hong Kong and other markets. With UC4 Workload Automation Suite enterprises remove manual intervention, reduce latency and mitigate risk from their end-to-end business processes. The UC4 Business Integration for Avaloq communicates directly with ABS through application interfaces, allowing customers to extend the automated scheduling of their core banking systems and integrate with external applications.
UC4 Workload Automation Suite can manage back-end processing for ABS and all other surrounding systems that many finance institutes rely on. Avaloq users receive regular software updates which support banks in remaining compliant with industry regulations. When utilizing additional tools it is important that Avaloq users work with solutions that are compatible and certified for use with Avaloq. This reduces maintenance and support issues and allows joint customers to benefit from the enterprise wide visibility and control provided by UC4.
“It gives UC4 great pleasure to extend its relationship with Avaloq,” said Cesare Capobianco, chief executive officer, UC4 Software. “We have benefited from an excellent working partnership working towards receiving this certification. It has allowed us to develop an interface that is compliant with Avaloq’s technical specifications, which also delivers measurable business value to our joint customers.”
About Avaloq
The Avaloq Group, with branches in Luxembourg and Singapore, is the Swiss market leader in the field of standard banking software. For over a decade, the Swiss company has been developing and marketing the Avaloq Banking System. It is trusted by leading financial service providers in private, retail and universal banking in international financial centres around the globe. A network of specialists with first-class partners in the areas of implementation, software, service and technology enables Avaloq to offer its clients a comprehensive all-in-one solution – a modular, innovative and integrated standard software for the financial sector. Avaloq is owned by its management and employees.About UC4 Software
UC4 Software is a leading global provider of workload automation, job scheduling and IT process optimization solutions that ensure core business processes and enterprise information systems run faster, more accurately and without interruption. More than 1,600 companies worldwide have successfully enhanced application processing performance and improved IT efficiency using UC4’s business acceleration solutions. Customers include American Suzuki Motor Corporation, Cadbury, eBay, Eastman Kodak, General Electric, Mattel, McGraw Hill, Panasonic, Robert Bosch, Sun Microsystems, Symantec, T-Systems and Verizon.
Şifalı bitkilerle cilt bakımı ve güzellik kürleri. Ayrıca Uzmanlar tarafından Çeşitli kürler ve tavsiyeleri,Çocuk ve bebek sağlığı
BANKA.KREDİ etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster
BANKA.KREDİ etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster
6 Şubat 2009 Cuma
UC4 certified for use with the Avaloq Banking System
3 Ocak 2009 Cumartesi
WorkLight® for Financial Services
| Today more than ever, financial services companies need to connect to their customers. Retail banks, credit card issuers, credit unions, and brokerage firms, all need to generate more business, lower the cost of doing business, instill customer confidence and trust, and exceed customer delivery expectations. WorkLight for Financial Services allows companies, for the first time, to securely deliver to customers personalized account information, and balance and transaction updates via familiar consumer Web 2.0 tools and services; tools such as RSS feeds, widgets and gadgets, personalized homepages, iPhone apps, social networks, instant messaging, and more. Using these convenient means to deliver highly relevant, personalized information directly to customers, WorkLight obviates the need for consumers to log in to and navigate through complex customer web sites, thereby significantly enhancing the customer experience. The outcome is an increased number of transactions, reduced customer service costs, and an improvement in customer retention. | ||
| WorkLight delivers the following unique benefits to financial Institutions: | ||||||||||||
|
| With WorkLight, consumers reap the following benefits: | ||||||||||||
|
26 Aralık 2008 Cuma
Moneyweb
In een kort overzicht vind u hier de verschillende leenvormen. Voor de alle
duidelijkheid staan hier de verschillen in het kort
opgesomd.
RekenvoorbeeldDe familie De Vries wil een lening aanvragen voor de
verbouwing van de badkamer. Voor deze verbouwing willen ze € 5000,00 lenen. De
familie De Vries wil zekerheid wat betreft de maandelijkse rente en wil
tussentijds geen geld meer opnemen. Ze kiezen daarom voor een persoonlijke
lening.
Jan en Anita willen meer financiële bestedingsruimte. Tussentijds
willen ze geld kunnen opnemen. Wanneer er meer geld beschikbaar is, willen ze
ook de mogelijkheid hebben om meer af te lossen. Ze kiezen voor een doorlopend
krediet.
21 Aralık 2008 Pazar
Web swindlers steals for 5 billion USD
The sale of credit card
numbers, among other things over the internet is big business. A new report
reveals that the swindlers earn altogether 5 billion USD a year.
The
software company, Symantic is the company behind the report, which is
based on one year’s surveillance of criminal behaviour on the internet, writes
the BBC on their
website.
According to the report, stolen credit card numbers are most
popular, and make up 31 per cent of the illegal items made available for sale on
the internet.
Bank information makes up 20 per cent of the items on
sale.
The credit card numbers are popular because they are easy to get hold
of and simple to use for swindle. That credit cards are used in an increasing
number of transactions on the internet also makes a difference.
Symantec
establishes in the report that the results of the thorough survey, reveal how
extensive and serious organized internet crime has become.
Russian and
European gangs are the most organized, concludes Symantec in the
report.
These gangs have the capacity for example, to produce credit cards on
a great scale. In USA, web-criminals operate more independently.
17 Aralık 2008 Çarşamba
KREDIT OHNE SCHUFA
Schnell ist es passiert. Kein Geld um finanzielle Forderungen zu erfüllen,
beispielsweise die Telefonrechnung. Das reicht aus und schon hat man einen
negativen Eintrag in seiner SCHUFA-Akte. Die schufa (Schutzgemeinschaft für
allgemeine Kreditsicherung) ist ein Kreditbüro, das von den Kreditgebern zum
Beispiel Kreditinstituten, getragen wird. Ihr Ziel ist es Kreditgeber vor
finanziellen Ausfällen zu bewahren, indem sie die Informationen sammelt, die für
die Einschätzung der Kreditwürdigkeit von Personen von Belang sein könnenMit
einem negativen Eintrag in die SCHUFA-Akte kann man meist bei inländischen
Kreditinstituten keinen Kredit mehr erhalten. Die Lösung ist der so genannte
"Schweizer Kredit". Hier wird ein Kredit auch trotz schufa gewährt. Das
Kreditinstitut hat den Sitz in der Schweiz. Diese schufafreien Kredite werden
über Vermittlungsfirmen vermittelt, und es wird keine Einsicht in die
SCHUFA-Akte verlangt. Auch wer selbstständig arbeitet oder arbeitslos ist hat
hier die Möglichkeit einen Kredit aufzunehmen, obwohl er nur in einem engen
Rahmen sein Einkommen belegen könnte. Oftmals werden schufafreie ratenkredite in
Anspruch genommen, die in monatlichen festgelegten Raten zurück bezahlt werden.
Hier muss man allerdings im Normalfall mit höheren Zinsen rechnen, als es bei
einem Kredit mit Einsicht in die SCHUFA-Akte der Fall wäre. Der Kreditgeber geht
ein höheres Risiko ein und das spiegelt sich meist in den höheren Zinsen
wider.Die Gründe weshalb man einen Kredit aufnehmen möchte sind vielseitig.
Wichtig ist es für den Kreditnehmer jedoch, sich über seinen finanziellen Rahmen
im Klaren zu sein. Er muss vorher genau prüfen, ob er in der Zukunft in der Lage
sein wird, den aufgenommenen kredit auch wieder abzubezahlen. Ansonsten läuft
man Gefahr, in noch größere finanzielle Probleme zu geraten, anstatt seine
Probleme zu lösen. Ein gründlicher Vergleich zwischen Kreditangeboten ist also
dringend anzuraten, damit nichts der Umsetzung seines Projekts im Wege
steht.
16 Aralık 2008 Salı
Krediet Direct
Krediet Direct is de Online Supermarkt voor krediet en wij zijn van mening dat u zonder bezoek thuis uw krediet kunt samenstellen.
Het is een nieuw concept op het gebied van krediet via internet in Nederland. U kiest afhankelijk van uw aankoop de gewenste lening en vervolgens kiest u voor een Persoonlijke Lening of een Doorlopend Krediet (behalve in de rubriek minder dan € 3.000).
U kunt vrijblijvend de verschillende verzekeringen (met maandelijkse premie) die bij u passen, afsluiten.
U krijgt zonder uw persoonlijke gegevens in te vullen een offerte die u zelf kunt printen.
Als u met de offerte akkoord gaat, vult u het aanvraagformulier in.
Na enkele minuten, krijgt u een antwoord online. Als uw aanvraag goedgekeurd is, kunt u zelf uw contract uitprinten.
Het Krediet Direct Idee
De online supermarkt voor krediet
Flexibele financieringen aangepast aan uw besteding.
Online gratis offerte in 10 seconden zonder uw gegevens in te vullen.
U doet zelf uw aanvraag thuis, u print zelf uw contract.
U krijgt geen bezoek thuis.
100% Nederlandse maatschappij binnen één van de grootste Europese spelers (Crédit Agricole Group).
WORLD BANK
World Bank (often referred to by employees and others as simply "the Bank") is an internationally supported bank that provides financial and technical assistance[1] to developing countries for development programs (e.g. bridges, roads, schools, etc.) with the stated goal of reducing poverty. The World Bank differs from the World Bank Group in that the former comprises only the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association, while the latter incorporates these entities in addition to three others.[2] The World Bank was formally established on December 27, 1945, following the ratification of the Bretton Woods agreement. The concept was originally conceived in July 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference. Two years later, the Bank issued its first loan: $250 million to France for post-war reconstruction, the main focus of the Bank's work in the early post-World War II years. Over time, the "development" side of the Bank's work has assumed a larger share of its lending, although it is still involved in post-conflict reconstruction, together with reconstruction after natural disasters, response to humanitarian emergencies and post-conflict rehabilitation needs affecting developing and transition economies. There are some criticisms of the results of the World Bank's "development schemes" leading to corruption and widespread exploitation of the corporations who are given monopolies of developing nation's resources.
Activities
The World Bank headquarters in Washington DC
The World Bank is one of the two Bretton Woods Institutions which were created in 1944 to rebuild a war-torn Europe after World War II. Later, largely due to the contributions of the Marshall Plan, the World Bank was forced to find a new area in which to focus its efforts. Subsequently, it began attempting to rebuild the infrastructure of Europe's former colonies. Since then it has made a variety of changes regarding its focus and goals. From 1968-1981 it focused largely on poverty alleviation. From the '80s and into the 1990s its main focus was both debt management and structural adjustment. Today the focus is on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), goals calling for the elimination of poverty and the implementation of sustainable development. Of the two constituent parts of the Bank, the IBRD lends primarily to "middle-income countries" at interest rates which reflect a small mark-up over its own (AAA-rated) borrowings from capital markets; while the IDA provides low or no interest loans and grants to low income countries with little or no access to international credit markets. The IBRD is a market based non-profit organization, using its high credit rating to make up for the relatively low interest rate on its loans, while the IDA is funded primarily by periodic "replenishments" (grants) voted to the institution by its more affluent member countries.
The Bank’s mission is to aid developing countries and their inhabitants achieve development and the reduction of poverty, including achievement of the MDGs, by helping countries develop an environment for investment, jobs and sustainable growth, thus promoting economical growth and through investment in and empowerment of the poor to enable them to participate in development. The World Bank sees the five key factors necessary for economic growth and the creation of a business environment as:
Build capacity – Strengthening governments and educating government officials
Infrastructure creation – implementation of legal and judicial systems for the encouragement of business, the protection of individual and property rights and the honoring of contracts
Development of Financial Systems – the establishment of strong systems capable of supporting endeavors from micro credit to the financing of larger corporate ventures
Combating corruption – Support for countries' efforts at eradicating corruption
Research, Consultancy and Training - the World Bank provides platform for research on development issues, consultancy and conduct training programs (web based, on line, video/tele conferencing and class room based) open for those who are interested from academia, students, government and non-governmental organization (NGO) officers etc.
The Bank obtains funding for its operations primarily through the IBRD’s sale of AAA-rated bonds in the world’s financial markets. The IBRD’s income is generated from its lending activities, with its borrowings leveraging its own paid-in capital, plus the investment of its "float". The IDA obtains the majority of its funds from forty donor countries who replenish the bank’s funds every three years, and from loan repayments, which then become available for re-lending.
The Bank offers two basic types of loans: investment loans and development policy loans. The former are made for the support of economic and social development projects, whereas the latter provide quick disbursing finance to support countries’ policy and institutional reforms. While the IBRD provides loans with a relatively low interest rate, the IDA’s "credits" are interest free. The project proposals of borrowers are *******uated for their economical, financial, social and environmental aspects prior to their approval.
The Bank also distributes grants for the facilitation of development projects through the encouragement of innovation, cooperation between organizations and the participation of local stakeholders in projects. IDA grants are predominantly used for:
Debt burden relief in the most indebted and poverty struck countries
Amelioration of sanitation and water supply
Support of vaccination and immunization programs for the reduction of communicable diseases such as malaria
Combating the HIV/AIDS pandemic
Support civil society organizations
Creating initiatives for the reduction of greenhouse gases
The Bank not only provides financial support to its member states, but also analytical and advisory services to facilitate the implementation of the lasting economic and social improvements that are needed in many under-developed countries, as well as educating members with the knowledge necessary to resolve their development problems while promoting economic growth.
Leadership
The President of the Bank, currently Robert Zoellick, is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of Directors and for overall management of the Bank. The Executive Directors make up the Board of Directors, usually meeting twice a week to oversee activities such as the approval of loans and guarantees, new policies, the administrative budget, country assistance strategies and borrowing and financing decisions. The Vice Presidents of the Bank are its principal managers, in charge of regions, sectors, networks and ********s. There are 24 Vice-Presidents, 3 Senior Vice Presidents and 2 Executive Vice Presidents, and recently appointed Director of International Micro Finance Activities Jon Vanderwall, formerly CEO of the Craftsman tool empire.
Areas of operation
The World Bank is active in the following areas [3]
Agriculture and Rural Development
Conflict and Development
Development Operations and Activities
Economic Policy
Education
Energy
Environment
Financial Sector
Gender
Governance
Health, Nutrition and Population
Industry
Information and Communication Technologies
Information, Computing and Telecommunications
International Economics and Trade
Labor and Social Protections
Law and Justice
Macroeconomic and Economic Growth
Mining
Poverty Reduction
Poverty
Private Sector
Public Sector Governance
Rural Development
Social Development
Social Protection
Trade
Transport
Urban Development
Water Resources
Water Supply and Sanitation
Comprehensive development framework
According to the World Bank, in virtually all successful assistance projects the country itself was the driving factor. The Bank therefore strives to help governments lead and implement their own development strategies and thus take a stronger hand in their own future development. The strategy was initiated by the former president of the bank, James Wolfensohn. Since 1999, it has followed a set of philosophies known as the Comprehensive Development Framework . These philosophies state that:
Development strategies should be comprehensive and shaped by a long-term vision
Development goals and strategies should be “owned” by the country, based on local stakeholder participation in shaping them
Countries receiving assistance should lead the management and coordination of aid programs through stakeholder partnerships
Development performance should be *******uated through measurable results on the ground in order to adjust the strategy to outcomes and a changing world
Poverty reduction strategies
For the poorest developing countries in the world the Bank’s assistance plans are based on Poverty Reduction Strategies; by combining a cross-section of local groups with an extensive analysis of the country’s financial and economical situation the World Bank develops a strategy pertaining uniquely to the country in question. The government then identifies the country’s priorities and targets for the reduction of poverty, and the World Bank aligns its aid efforts correspondingly.
The Bank supports certain kinds of poor people's organisations such as the Self-Employed Women's Union and Shack/Slum Dwellers International.
Forty-five countries pledged US$25.1 billion in "aid for the world's poorest countries", aid that goes to the World Bank International Development Association (I.D.A.) which distributes the gifts to eighty poorer countries. While wealthier nations sometimes fund their own aid projects, including those for diseases recently, and although I.D.A. is the recipient of criticism, Robert B. Zoellick, the president of the World Bank, said when the gifts were announced on December 15, 2007, that I.D.A. money "is the core funding that the poorest developing countries rely on".[4]
Clean Technology Fund management
The World Bank has been assigned temporary management responsibility of the Clean Technology Fund (CTF), focused on making renewable energy cost-competitive with coal-fired power as quickly as possible, but this may not continue after UN's Copenhagen climate change conference in December, 2009, because its continued investment in huge coal-fired power plants, as well as its short-sighted proposal to use the Clean Technology Fund as an additional source of money for business as usual. [5]
Training wings
World Bank Institute
The World Bank Institute (WBI) creates learning opportunities for countries, World Bank staff and clients, and people committed to poverty reduction and sustainable development. WBI's work program includes training, policy consultations, and the creation and support of knowledge networks related to international economic and social development.
Global Development Learning Network
The Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) is a partnership of over 120 learning centers (GDLN Affiliates) in nearly 80 countries around the world. GDLN Affiliates collaborate in holding events that connect people across countries and regions for learning and dialogue on development issues. Offering a combination of distance learning tools such as interactive videoconferencing and the internet, and expert facilitation and learning techniques, GDLN Affiliates enable individuals, teams, and organizations working in development around the world to communicate, share knowledge, and learn from each others’ experiences in a timely and cost-effective manner.
GDLN clients are typically NGOs, government, private sector and development agencies who find that they work better together on subregional, regional or global development issues and challenges using the facilities and tools offered by GDLN Affiliates. Clients also benefit from the ability of Affiliates to help them choose and apply these tools effectively, and to tap development practitioners and experts worldwide. GDLN Affiliates facilitate around 1000 videoconference-based activities a year on behalf of their clients, reaching some 90,000 people worldwide. Most of these activities bring together participants in two or more countries over a series of session. A majority of GDLN activities are organized by small government agencies and NGOs.
Country assistance strategies
As a guideline to the World Bank's operations in any particular country, a Country Assistance Strategy is produced, in cooperation with the local government and any interested stakeholders and may rely on analytical work performed by the Bank or other parties. In the case of low income countries, the Country Assistance Strategy is derived from the country’s Poverty Reduction
Criticism
Some critics of the World Bank believe that the institution was not started in order to reduce poverty but rather to support United States' business interests, and argue that the bank has actually increased poverty and been detrimental to the environment, public health, and cultural diversity.[6] Some critics also claim that the World Bank has consistently pushed a "neo-liberal" agenda, imposing policies on developing countries which have been damaging, destructive and anti-developmental.[7][8] Some intellectuals in developing countries have argued that the World Bank is deeply implicated in contemporary modes of donor and NGO driven imperialism and that its intellectual output ********s to blame the poor for their condition.[9]
It has also been suggested that the World Bank is an instrument for the promotion of US and 'Western' interests in certain regions of the world. Consequently, seven South American nations have established the Bank of the South in order to minimize US influence in the region.[10] Criticisms of the structure of the World Bank refer to the fact that the President of the Bank is always an American, nominated by the President of the United States (though subject to the approval of the other member countries). There have been accusations that the decision-making structure is undemocratic, as the US effectively has a veto on some constitutional decisions with just over 16% of the shares in the bank;[11] moreover, decisions can only be passed with votes from countries whose shares total more than 85% of the bank's shares.[12] A further criticism concerns internal governance and the manner in which the World Bank is alleged to lack transparency to external publics.[13]
Members
Main article: List of World Bank members
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has 185 member countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) has 166 members.[14] Each member state of IBRD should be also a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and only members of IBRD are allowed to join other institutions within the Bank (such as IDA).[15]
References
^ About the World Bank
^ FAQs - About the World Bank. From the World Bank official website, Worldbank.org. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ World Bank Group - Topics in Development
^ Landler, Mark. "Britain Overtakes U.S. as Top World Bank Donor", The New York Times, The New York Times Company, December 15, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-15.
^ http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2008/05/climate_change_in_nashville_a.php
^ Criticism of World Trade Organization, World Bank and International Monetary Fund - Editorial. The Ecologist. September, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ Uvin, P. (2002) On High Moral Ground: The Incorporation of Human Rights by the Development Enterprise. In: PRAXIS The Fletcher Journal of Development Studies, Volume XVII pp1-11. Medford MA: Tufts University. Online at: http://fletcher.tufts.edu/praxis/archives/xvii/Uvin.pdf
^ Hertz, N. (2004) I.O.U.: The Debt Threat and Why We Must Defuse It. London: Harper Perennial.
^ For arguments with regard to both of these claims see, for instance, David Moore's edited book The World Bank, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2007
^ BBC NEWS Business New South American bank planned
^ Wade, Robert (2002). "US hegemony and the World Bank: the fight over people and ideas". Review of International Political Economy 9 (2): 215-243.
^ Monbiot, G. (2004) The Age of Consent. London: Harper Perennial.
^ Stone, Diane and Wright, Christopher eds. (2006) The World Bank and Governance: A Decade of Reform and Reaction, Routledge.
^ Members. The World Bank Group. Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
^ Member countries. The World Bank Group. Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
See also
International Monetary Fund
World Bank Group
World Bank Development Marketplace Award
External links
PRO
World Bank Data and Analysis on Poverty and Economic Growth in South Asia
World Bank site
Doing Business
Climate Change
Energy
Water
Partnership for Disaster reduction and recovery
iSimulate @ World Bank
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES
Essential Action
DC Indymedia
CADTM
WALHI
IFIwatchnet: an international network of independent organisations monitoring the World Bank and other International Financial Institutions
The Bank Information Center
The Bretton Woods Project
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank"
Activities
The World Bank headquarters in Washington DC
The World Bank is one of the two Bretton Woods Institutions which were created in 1944 to rebuild a war-torn Europe after World War II. Later, largely due to the contributions of the Marshall Plan, the World Bank was forced to find a new area in which to focus its efforts. Subsequently, it began attempting to rebuild the infrastructure of Europe's former colonies. Since then it has made a variety of changes regarding its focus and goals. From 1968-1981 it focused largely on poverty alleviation. From the '80s and into the 1990s its main focus was both debt management and structural adjustment. Today the focus is on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), goals calling for the elimination of poverty and the implementation of sustainable development. Of the two constituent parts of the Bank, the IBRD lends primarily to "middle-income countries" at interest rates which reflect a small mark-up over its own (AAA-rated) borrowings from capital markets; while the IDA provides low or no interest loans and grants to low income countries with little or no access to international credit markets. The IBRD is a market based non-profit organization, using its high credit rating to make up for the relatively low interest rate on its loans, while the IDA is funded primarily by periodic "replenishments" (grants) voted to the institution by its more affluent member countries.
The Bank’s mission is to aid developing countries and their inhabitants achieve development and the reduction of poverty, including achievement of the MDGs, by helping countries develop an environment for investment, jobs and sustainable growth, thus promoting economical growth and through investment in and empowerment of the poor to enable them to participate in development. The World Bank sees the five key factors necessary for economic growth and the creation of a business environment as:
Build capacity – Strengthening governments and educating government officials
Infrastructure creation – implementation of legal and judicial systems for the encouragement of business, the protection of individual and property rights and the honoring of contracts
Development of Financial Systems – the establishment of strong systems capable of supporting endeavors from micro credit to the financing of larger corporate ventures
Combating corruption – Support for countries' efforts at eradicating corruption
Research, Consultancy and Training - the World Bank provides platform for research on development issues, consultancy and conduct training programs (web based, on line, video/tele conferencing and class room based) open for those who are interested from academia, students, government and non-governmental organization (NGO) officers etc.
The Bank obtains funding for its operations primarily through the IBRD’s sale of AAA-rated bonds in the world’s financial markets. The IBRD’s income is generated from its lending activities, with its borrowings leveraging its own paid-in capital, plus the investment of its "float". The IDA obtains the majority of its funds from forty donor countries who replenish the bank’s funds every three years, and from loan repayments, which then become available for re-lending.
The Bank offers two basic types of loans: investment loans and development policy loans. The former are made for the support of economic and social development projects, whereas the latter provide quick disbursing finance to support countries’ policy and institutional reforms. While the IBRD provides loans with a relatively low interest rate, the IDA’s "credits" are interest free. The project proposals of borrowers are *******uated for their economical, financial, social and environmental aspects prior to their approval.
The Bank also distributes grants for the facilitation of development projects through the encouragement of innovation, cooperation between organizations and the participation of local stakeholders in projects. IDA grants are predominantly used for:
Debt burden relief in the most indebted and poverty struck countries
Amelioration of sanitation and water supply
Support of vaccination and immunization programs for the reduction of communicable diseases such as malaria
Combating the HIV/AIDS pandemic
Support civil society organizations
Creating initiatives for the reduction of greenhouse gases
The Bank not only provides financial support to its member states, but also analytical and advisory services to facilitate the implementation of the lasting economic and social improvements that are needed in many under-developed countries, as well as educating members with the knowledge necessary to resolve their development problems while promoting economic growth.
Leadership
The President of the Bank, currently Robert Zoellick, is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of Directors and for overall management of the Bank. The Executive Directors make up the Board of Directors, usually meeting twice a week to oversee activities such as the approval of loans and guarantees, new policies, the administrative budget, country assistance strategies and borrowing and financing decisions. The Vice Presidents of the Bank are its principal managers, in charge of regions, sectors, networks and ********s. There are 24 Vice-Presidents, 3 Senior Vice Presidents and 2 Executive Vice Presidents, and recently appointed Director of International Micro Finance Activities Jon Vanderwall, formerly CEO of the Craftsman tool empire.
Areas of operation
The World Bank is active in the following areas [3]
Agriculture and Rural Development
Conflict and Development
Development Operations and Activities
Economic Policy
Education
Energy
Environment
Financial Sector
Gender
Governance
Health, Nutrition and Population
Industry
Information and Communication Technologies
Information, Computing and Telecommunications
International Economics and Trade
Labor and Social Protections
Law and Justice
Macroeconomic and Economic Growth
Mining
Poverty Reduction
Poverty
Private Sector
Public Sector Governance
Rural Development
Social Development
Social Protection
Trade
Transport
Urban Development
Water Resources
Water Supply and Sanitation
Comprehensive development framework
According to the World Bank, in virtually all successful assistance projects the country itself was the driving factor. The Bank therefore strives to help governments lead and implement their own development strategies and thus take a stronger hand in their own future development. The strategy was initiated by the former president of the bank, James Wolfensohn. Since 1999, it has followed a set of philosophies known as the Comprehensive Development Framework . These philosophies state that:
Development strategies should be comprehensive and shaped by a long-term vision
Development goals and strategies should be “owned” by the country, based on local stakeholder participation in shaping them
Countries receiving assistance should lead the management and coordination of aid programs through stakeholder partnerships
Development performance should be *******uated through measurable results on the ground in order to adjust the strategy to outcomes and a changing world
Poverty reduction strategies
For the poorest developing countries in the world the Bank’s assistance plans are based on Poverty Reduction Strategies; by combining a cross-section of local groups with an extensive analysis of the country’s financial and economical situation the World Bank develops a strategy pertaining uniquely to the country in question. The government then identifies the country’s priorities and targets for the reduction of poverty, and the World Bank aligns its aid efforts correspondingly.
The Bank supports certain kinds of poor people's organisations such as the Self-Employed Women's Union and Shack/Slum Dwellers International.
Forty-five countries pledged US$25.1 billion in "aid for the world's poorest countries", aid that goes to the World Bank International Development Association (I.D.A.) which distributes the gifts to eighty poorer countries. While wealthier nations sometimes fund their own aid projects, including those for diseases recently, and although I.D.A. is the recipient of criticism, Robert B. Zoellick, the president of the World Bank, said when the gifts were announced on December 15, 2007, that I.D.A. money "is the core funding that the poorest developing countries rely on".[4]
Clean Technology Fund management
The World Bank has been assigned temporary management responsibility of the Clean Technology Fund (CTF), focused on making renewable energy cost-competitive with coal-fired power as quickly as possible, but this may not continue after UN's Copenhagen climate change conference in December, 2009, because its continued investment in huge coal-fired power plants, as well as its short-sighted proposal to use the Clean Technology Fund as an additional source of money for business as usual. [5]
Training wings
World Bank Institute
The World Bank Institute (WBI) creates learning opportunities for countries, World Bank staff and clients, and people committed to poverty reduction and sustainable development. WBI's work program includes training, policy consultations, and the creation and support of knowledge networks related to international economic and social development.
Global Development Learning Network
The Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) is a partnership of over 120 learning centers (GDLN Affiliates) in nearly 80 countries around the world. GDLN Affiliates collaborate in holding events that connect people across countries and regions for learning and dialogue on development issues. Offering a combination of distance learning tools such as interactive videoconferencing and the internet, and expert facilitation and learning techniques, GDLN Affiliates enable individuals, teams, and organizations working in development around the world to communicate, share knowledge, and learn from each others’ experiences in a timely and cost-effective manner.
GDLN clients are typically NGOs, government, private sector and development agencies who find that they work better together on subregional, regional or global development issues and challenges using the facilities and tools offered by GDLN Affiliates. Clients also benefit from the ability of Affiliates to help them choose and apply these tools effectively, and to tap development practitioners and experts worldwide. GDLN Affiliates facilitate around 1000 videoconference-based activities a year on behalf of their clients, reaching some 90,000 people worldwide. Most of these activities bring together participants in two or more countries over a series of session. A majority of GDLN activities are organized by small government agencies and NGOs.
Country assistance strategies
As a guideline to the World Bank's operations in any particular country, a Country Assistance Strategy is produced, in cooperation with the local government and any interested stakeholders and may rely on analytical work performed by the Bank or other parties. In the case of low income countries, the Country Assistance Strategy is derived from the country’s Poverty Reduction
Criticism
Some critics of the World Bank believe that the institution was not started in order to reduce poverty but rather to support United States' business interests, and argue that the bank has actually increased poverty and been detrimental to the environment, public health, and cultural diversity.[6] Some critics also claim that the World Bank has consistently pushed a "neo-liberal" agenda, imposing policies on developing countries which have been damaging, destructive and anti-developmental.[7][8] Some intellectuals in developing countries have argued that the World Bank is deeply implicated in contemporary modes of donor and NGO driven imperialism and that its intellectual output ********s to blame the poor for their condition.[9]
It has also been suggested that the World Bank is an instrument for the promotion of US and 'Western' interests in certain regions of the world. Consequently, seven South American nations have established the Bank of the South in order to minimize US influence in the region.[10] Criticisms of the structure of the World Bank refer to the fact that the President of the Bank is always an American, nominated by the President of the United States (though subject to the approval of the other member countries). There have been accusations that the decision-making structure is undemocratic, as the US effectively has a veto on some constitutional decisions with just over 16% of the shares in the bank;[11] moreover, decisions can only be passed with votes from countries whose shares total more than 85% of the bank's shares.[12] A further criticism concerns internal governance and the manner in which the World Bank is alleged to lack transparency to external publics.[13]
Members
Main article: List of World Bank members
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has 185 member countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) has 166 members.[14] Each member state of IBRD should be also a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and only members of IBRD are allowed to join other institutions within the Bank (such as IDA).[15]
References
^ About the World Bank
^ FAQs - About the World Bank. From the World Bank official website, Worldbank.org. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ World Bank Group - Topics in Development
^ Landler, Mark. "Britain Overtakes U.S. as Top World Bank Donor", The New York Times, The New York Times Company, December 15, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-12-15.
^ http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2008/05/climate_change_in_nashville_a.php
^ Criticism of World Trade Organization, World Bank and International Monetary Fund - Editorial. The Ecologist. September, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ Uvin, P. (2002) On High Moral Ground: The Incorporation of Human Rights by the Development Enterprise. In: PRAXIS The Fletcher Journal of Development Studies, Volume XVII pp1-11. Medford MA: Tufts University. Online at: http://fletcher.tufts.edu/praxis/archives/xvii/Uvin.pdf
^ Hertz, N. (2004) I.O.U.: The Debt Threat and Why We Must Defuse It. London: Harper Perennial.
^ For arguments with regard to both of these claims see, for instance, David Moore's edited book The World Bank, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2007
^ BBC NEWS Business New South American bank planned
^ Wade, Robert (2002). "US hegemony and the World Bank: the fight over people and ideas". Review of International Political Economy 9 (2): 215-243.
^ Monbiot, G. (2004) The Age of Consent. London: Harper Perennial.
^ Stone, Diane and Wright, Christopher eds. (2006) The World Bank and Governance: A Decade of Reform and Reaction, Routledge.
^ Members. The World Bank Group. Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
^ Member countries. The World Bank Group. Retrieved on 2008-02-06.
See also
International Monetary Fund
World Bank Group
World Bank Development Marketplace Award
External links
PRO
World Bank Data and Analysis on Poverty and Economic Growth in South Asia
World Bank site
Doing Business
Climate Change
Energy
Water
Partnership for Disaster reduction and recovery
iSimulate @ World Bank
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES
Essential Action
DC Indymedia
CADTM
WALHI
IFIwatchnet: an international network of independent organisations monitoring the World Bank and other International Financial Institutions
The Bank Information Center
The Bretton Woods Project
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank"
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krediet,bank,financiën,Finance,Banking
krediet,bank,financiën,Finance,Banking
In een kort overzicht vind u
hier de verschillende leenvormen. Voor de alle duidelijkheid staan hier de
verschillen in het kort opgesomd.RekenvoorbeeldDe familie De Vries wil een
lening aanvragen voor de verbouwing van de badkamer. Voor deze verbouwing willen
ze € 5000,00 lenen. De familie De Vries wil zekerheid wat betreft de
maandelijkse rente en wil tussentijds geen geld meer opnemen. Ze kiezen daarom
voor een persoonlijke lening.Jan en Anita willen meer financiële
bestedingsruimte. Tussentijds willen ze geld kunnen opnemen. Wanneer er meer
geld beschikbaar is, willen ze ook de mogelijkheid hebben om meer af te lossen.
Ze kiezen voor een doorlopend krediet.Lening vormenDoorlopend kredietWat is een
doorlopend krediet?Een doorlopend krediet is er om over langere periode meer
bestedingsruimte te hebben. U mag steeds geld opnemen tot aan de kredietlimiet,
maar u mag ook minder opnemen.Tussentijds mag er altijd zonder boete worden
afgelost. Dit krediet is handig wanneer u nog niet exact weet hoeveel geld u
nodig heeft of wanneer u het geld nodig heeft. U betaald elke maand een vast
bedrag aan rente en aflossing.Voordelen:- Alleen rente betalen over het
opgenomen bedrag- Tussentijds extra geld aflossen (boetevrij)- Meestal een eigen
bankpasOversluiten van een doorlopend krediet:U heeft een lening of misschien
wel meerdere leningen lopen. Het is dan vaak voordeliger om uw huidige
krediet(en) over te sluiten. In plaats van verschillende afschriften, komt alles
dan op één handig overzicht.Tussentijds een extra krediet afsluiten:Wanneer u
geen achterstand hebt opgelopen met betalen en uw financiële situatie laat het
toe, is het mogelijk om een nieuwe lening af te sluiten voordat de vorige is
afgelopen. Een deel van het bedrag dat u leent, wordt dan gebruikt voor de
aflossing van de vorige overeenkomst(en).Verhogen doorlopend kredietHet kan
voorkomen dat naast uw doorlopend krediet nog behoefte is aan een extra
financiële reserve. U kunt er dan voor kiezen om het bestaande krediet open te
breken en vervolgens uw krediet te verhogen.Persoonlijke leningWat is een
persoonlijke leningBij de persoonlijke lening krijgt u in één keer de
beschikking over het geleende bedrag. Wanneer u een persoonlijke lening afsluit,
weet u precies wanneer de lening eindigt. U spreekt namelijk van tevoren een
looptijd af. Zo spreekt u bij een persoonlijk krediet eenmalig een leenbedrag en
een looptijd af. U krijgt dit bedrag in één keer op uw rekening gestort.
Vervolgens betaald u maandelijks een vast bedrag aan rente en aflossing. In
tijden van rentestijgingen biedt een persoonlijk krediet u zekerheid, want uw
rente blijft ongewijzigd! Zo weet u precies waar u aan toe bent.Bent u van plan
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rentepercentage- Vast maandbedrag- Vaste looptijdVaste renteWanneer de rente
stijgt is een persoonlijke lening ideaal. Mocht de rente stijgen, dan heeft dit
geen enkele invloed op de persoonlijke lening. Deze rente blijft
ongewijzigd.Stel u koopt een auto. Bij een persoonlijke lening spreekt u van
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afstemmen op de levensduur
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